The Role of Women in the Church Essay Example For Students

The Role of Women in the Church Essay With the advent of the feminist movement, the role of women in all parts of society has come under increasing scrutiny. One area of recent controversy is the role of women in the Christian Church. Some churches whose traditions and practices are less rigidly tied to Biblical doctrines have begun placing women in leadership positions such as pastor or teacher. Other churches which interpret the Bible more literally have been slow to adopt such changes. Much of the confusion is based on attempts to interpret scriptures pertaining to women. In this essay, we will use the Bible to understand the role of women in the church of the first century and apply that understanding to the church of the twentieth century. We will write a custom essay on The Role of Women in the Church specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many people would dispute the Bibles relevance to contemporary thought in general, and in particular to the role of women in worship. If the Bible were not written under divine inspiration, a person or practice is not bound by its teachings. He or she can therefor pick and choose whatever corresponds to his/her point of view. However, if the Bible is of divine inspiration, then a cautious consideration of passages relevant to a particular issue must be undertaken. Traditions and customs that have arisen after the Bible was written may thus be carefully scrutinized. Such practices may or may not prove sound after comparison with scripture. Before we discuss specific issues concerning women in worship, we should consider principles derived from the relationship of Adam and Eve as described in Genesis chapter one. The Apostle Paul frequently uses this passage as a guideline when discussing women and womens issues. Genesis 1 verse 27 states: So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. Most Commentators agree that man and woman are both equally a reflection of Gods image; the word man here is used as a synonym for humanity. Adam and Eve were also given joint dominion over creation. But the fact that Adam was created before Eve has significance to Paul and other Old Testament scholars; it signifies role distinction between the two sexes. The role of the man is leadership, while the role of woman is as a source of strength and support. In the letter to the Ephesians, Paul states: For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church. . . (Eph . 5:23) This is an important analogy. If a person wants to understand the Christian authority of a man over his wife, he must consider how Christ demonstrated his leadership as head over the Church. Primarily, he gave his life for his church, not using force or coercion for her submission. When considering mens and womans ministry in the church, it is important to keep in mind this role distinction. Lets examine the public ministry of women in the Church. Two major passages give specific instructions regarding women during worship in the letters of the Apostle Paul. These two passages are used frequently when denying women a public role in church life. The first is in I Corinthians chapter 14 verses 33 35, this passage commands women to be silent during worship service. Similarly but with more details, I Timothy 2 verses 8 15 not only contains a command to be silent but also instruction on authority along with a reference to the fall of Adam and Eve for further explanation. Here is the passage in its entirety using the NIV (New International Version) Bible translation:I want men everywhere to lift up holy hands in prayer, without anger or disputing. I also want women to dress modestly, with decency and propriety, not with braided hair or gold or pearls or expensive clothes, but with good deeds, appropriate for women who profess to worship God. A women should learn in quietness and full submission. Ido not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent. For Adam was formed first, then Eve. And Adam was not the one deceived; it was the woman who was deceived and became a sinner. But women will be kept safe through childbirth, if they continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety. A woman raised in the U.S. in this day and age, reading the letter for the first time, may be quite taken aback by its apparentchauvinism. However, there are some specific historical and cultural references that must be taken into account when considering the meaning and intent of this passage. First of all, this was a letter written by Paul to a young preacher named Timothy. Timothy was presumably preaching at the church in the city of Ephesus. Paul starts out the letter by telling him to stay in Ephesus and correct false teachers who were creating a disruption in the church. Various commentators have tried to recreate some of the heresies of th ese false teachers. This can be a difficult task since there is not a record of exactly what was being said, so only remarks made in the text itself can give a clue. One probable heresy was the idea of asceticism as a way to achieve spirituality. The ascetic practices being recommended consisted of; abstinence from certain foods, from marriage, and sex. Add to all of this physical training as an additional means of spirituality. It was thought that through these practices, one could achieve something akin to heaven on earth. In other words, there was possibly a denial of a future physical resurrection being taught in favor of a spiritual one that could be achieved in their present lifetimes. It seems also from Pauls remarks that many women in the church had been converted to this message and they were being persuaded to renounce their traditional roles in favor of a more egalitarian way of life in line with their new-found spirituality. This would explain the strong words Paul makes in reference to Eve, reminding the women that she was indeed led into sin, and that bearing children and raising them was a good thing, not unspiritual as they were being taught. Yet, the other parts of this passage that admonish women not to teach and not to have authority over a man have been agreed upon by many, if not most, commentators to have timeless application; the words and grammar in Greek do not lend themselves to any cultural reference. The teaching that Paul is concerned about here is specifically the truths of the faith while the authority in question refers to women in governing or leadership positions of the church. But, before making conclusions on a Biblical truth it is important to see if the truth holds fast throughout the whole of scripture. Lets consider some other passages. In Galations 3 verse 28, Paul states: There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, malenor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. Some commentators have suggested that this teach ing could have had some influence in the false teachings that were encountered in Ephesus and Corinth in regard to women. Christ himself taught that in the afterlife, men and women would not be given in marriage and they would be like the angels. Thus, the women were being encouraged, by some misguided teachers, to renounce their traditional roles. Without taking this radical extreme, the modern reader is at least inclined to ask what it means that men and women are one in Christ Jesus? It must certainly mean that there is not one sex inferior to the other. .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 , .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 .postImageUrl , .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 , .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71:hover , .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71:visited , .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71:active { border:0!important; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71:active , .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71 .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4bbc965d214bf2f2412e9f3d2600dd71:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Walmart EssayBeyond this, their are clear examples in the book of Acts that may shed some light by way of documented practice, on the command not to have authority over men. First of all, there were prophetesss. In Acts 21: 8 9, Philip, one of the seven deacons, is said to have four daughters who prophesied. Prophesying was not primarily divination of the future but also the conveying of Gods Word to his people, i. e. teaching. Furthermore, in 1 Corinthians 11: 4 5 Paul states, Every woman who prays or prophesies. . . Clearly women in Corinth were praying and prophesying during the worship service. There is also thecase of Precilla and Aquila described in Acts Chapter 18 . Many Commentators feel it is significant that whenever this couple are mentioned in the Bible, Precilla, the women, is mentioned first because of her great knowledge. It appears that they worked together as a teaching team and their effectiveness is demonstrated when they taught Apollos the ways of the Lord more adequately (Acts 18: 26). Apollos is described as a learned man who came to Ephesus and began teaching from the scriptures in a knowledgeable way although lacking in one of the fundamental teachings. Another Case in point is a business woman named Lydia who lived in Philippi. She accepted the Gospel message from Paul and Silas while at a place of prayer. After this incident is recorded, a strong church is mentioned in Philippi later in the Bible. We can only surmise that she played asignificant part in the growth of this church, since no men were initially converted. These passages all call into question the real nature of the moratorium on teaching and the meaning of no authority mentioned in1st Timothy. That women were teaching men is obvious, although at times they may have been co-teaching with male teachers. The case of the prophetesss is also compelling because although most churches do not recognize prophecy as being a modern gift, teaching certainly is and this was one of the important functions of a prophet. Some Commentators in discussing womens ministry in the New Testament have brought to light the customs of the day regarding women. Pauls main concern was the spread of the Gospel and that the message could be made attractive in every way. For this reason Paul encourages women in other passages to continue observing social customs such as the wearing of a veil; otherwise people might criticize them as loose or immoral and belittle the Gospel message. This is, I believe, a valid thought not only in 1st century times but in our culture today. Consider, for example, what non believing women in the US think upon entering a Christian assembly for the first time and seeing a service that appears to be run completely by men? They may conclude that women are being suppressed and that the gospel message makes women inferior to men. In conclusion, we can say that although there is no sanction in scripture for women to take roles of leadership, public ministryand teaching are not as clearly forb idden and a degree of latitude in interpretation is warranted. More importantly, if women are not allowed to have a voice or some kind of input, the church could be loosing a valuable resource. If a husband does not consider his wives thoughts and ideas as being important or valid, his family is surely incomplete, dysfunctional and doomed to failure. Therefore, as the church strives to realize Gods purpose for women, we must remember the truths of the scripture and apply them to our present day culture. This will allow men and women to present the Christian message to our world in the most powerful way. That is exactly what the Apostle Paul desired along with all of the New Testament leaders and it is whatwe should desire as we consider the path of the modern church.

Organ Donation Essays (455 words) - Organ Donation,

Organ Donation As of 1995 there were 30,000 people on a waiting list to receive an organ transplant. Another person joined the list every twenty minutes, which at this rate the list would grow to 50,000 by 1997(Public Health, Internet). An estimated seven people will die today while waiting to receive the vital organs they need. These people depend on health donors to save their life. Many, however, chose not to donate because of the misconceptions of the donation process. Today I'd like to inform you on the myths of organ donation so you can better understand the process of becoming a donor. Commonly asked questions about organ donation: Where can I get an organ donor card? The answer to this question is you do not need one. You need to inform your family or a close friend. Consent is the key. Who pays for the medical costs of being a donor? The recipient covers all costs and some cases the recipient will pay all funeral costs. Does organ donation disrupt funeral arrangements? No, funeral arrangements are the same for both donor/nondonors. Will becoming a donor mean a doctor will let me die? No, in the eyes of the doctors both lives are sacred. Should I mention being an organ donor in my will? This is a trick question. We all know this is a myth because your will is read after you die. It's too late, you must communicate while you are still alive(Journal,94). Two myths the preferential treatment on the US waiting list and the racism myth are often mention in our media. The preferential treatment is when some one receives special privileges over another recipient. For example in 1995 Mickey Mantle, a famous baseball player, received a liver transplant and many recipient complained because they Mantle received their liver due to his fame. The racism myth says many minorities feel racism. This decreases the chance of organ donation, which decreases the chance of getting the specific donor(Journal,94). Bad press and movies portraying organ transplantation as evil are only some of the reasons why more individuals have false ideas about donation and do not support it. This is a direct result of not having the education resources needed to develop effective public health campaigns. According to the Gallop public opinion polls, individuals have high levels of support for organ transplantation, however, when these individuals are actually approached to donate their loved ones organs, few actually go through with the transplant. Once these myths have been dispelled and the questions have been answered then people will have the knowledge they need to make the decision of whether or not to become an organ donor. So the next time you are asked if you are a donor remember an estimated seven people die today while waiting to receive a vital organ they need. Everyone deserves a chance to live longer.

Sample Research Paper

Sample Research Paper Students who study in universities, colleges and high schools frequently look for sample research papers to assist them through their course studies.   Unluckily, if the sample research papers are derivative or lifted from some book or website, it brings a blame of plagiarism against the learner.   That is not what any of our customers want.   This is why we present the excellent possible sample research papers to our customers. When looking around for a company to get your sample research paper, make sure that you keep following of the points in your mind: Inquire the company its contacts and address.   If it is unwilling to disclose to you any of these, the company may be a fraud.   It might mean that the company is not a genuine one.   You can ask the company and check out for yourself.   As fraud companies are illegal, they like to stay hidden, and away from where they can be caught.   Therefore, they do not let any contact information reach anyone. Many companies are starting to introduce sample research paper writing services.   This has given a head start to some fraud companies that have started to consume the time of students, along with the money that is received by them in advance for their services.   These fraud companies are known for providing sample research papers that are of incredibly low value and most of the material has been plagiarized. Working with such companies can cause a students grades to drop, and the image to tarnish in the eyes of the teacher.   They have to put up with the humiliation and disgrace of getting caught with plagiarized sample research papers in the class. Many sample research paper-writing companies in general employ writers who do not know the methods of writing good sample research papers, and neither do they know where to find them, or have any sort of academic qualification. The sample research papers put up for downloads are also of horrible quality, and time, and sometimes money, is wasted on these downloads.   As most of the clients are students, and most of the students are inexperienced, they cannot possibly tell right from wrong, so they are frequently caught in the ambush set by fraud companies. Some companies require you to pay in advance.   This, they may tell you, is for security or for the development of trust.   This is, in fact, a favorite way among fraudulent companies to swindle money out of your hands before you realize what is going on.   Stay away from companies that want such securities. Companies that make too many big promises may be pushing you into a well too.   A company that claims to provide a 2000 word research project in two hours, for example, can definitely not be a genuine one.   Also, if you think the behavior of the staff is not good, quit working with that company.   ALWAYS make sure you are safe.

Stem cells is a scientific breakthrough that's revolutionizing Essay

Stem cells is a scientific breakthrough that's revolutionizing the health care industry - Essay Example Major breakthroughs in stem cell research include developing nervous tissue and dealing with spinal cord injuries, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke. In fact, stem cell research is a scientific breakthrough thats revolutionizing the health care industry. Since they are derived in the embryonic stages, these stem cells are often called as embryonic stem cells or just ES. The role played by ES in health care industry today is solely dependent on their cultures derived in laboratories. It is well known that stem cell cultures can be maintained and proliferated in the presence of bovine serum. The cultures allow blastomeres or ES cells to be subjected to differential treatment such as nuclear disintegration of cells, nuclear injection into de-nucleated blastomeres and so on to derive the desired tissue. It has been observed that by such differential treatments, the blastomeres differentiate into the tissue of the nucleus donor cells. Thus, any damaged organ of the body can be recreated through ES cultures and differentiation. The main applicability of ES cell research is the creation of fresh organ tissue that can be inserted in the damaged area in the human or animal body to replenish the organ and restore its functions. This has been successfully conducted in treating spinal cord injuries, strokes and functional diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Yet there is a long way to go. For starters, the biggest limitation of stem cell therapy is that it is restricted to creation of commonly occurring and specific tissue masses and cannot be used to replace or regenerate an entire organ. Therefore, through systematic stem cell culture, the endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm can be recreated to be replaced in damaged organs, but in no way can an entire organ like a heart be constructed through regenerated tissue sets. Other

Unequal Rules for Women Entrepreneurs and Workers Research Paper

Unequal Rules for Women Entrepreneurs and Workers - Research Paper Example "Increasing women's economic opportunities improves the well-being of families and communities, reduces poverty, and stimulates economic growth," said Rita Ramalho, lead author of the report. "Many factors shape women's opportunities to run successful businesses and get good jobs. Equitable business regulations are one piece of the puzzle." Women, Business and the Law2010analyzes differences in formal laws and institutions affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across six topics-accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, dealing with taxes, building credit, and going to court. The report is the first to measure the gender gap in policy variables using quantitative and objective data. It does not measure all aspects that matter for women's economic opportunities. For example, it does not measure access to childcare, education, or personal security. "Gender differentiation in law sometimes arises out of a desire to protect women, but it may inadvertently limit their opportunities," said Penelope Brook, Director of the Global Indicators and Analysis Department of the World Bank Group.

Data Analysis and Interpretation Research Paper

Data Analysis and Interpretation - Research Paper Example Using the value 0.05 level of significance, F-statistics, and an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, the df num value is k-1, or 2 -1, or 1 and the df den value is T-k, or 150 - 2, or 148. So, with = 0.05, the critical value of F in this analysis of variance test was F0.05 (1, 148) = 253. Since computed F (FC) is less than Tabulated F (FT), Ho is accepted, which states that the British consumers' perception of "Rioja" wine attributes is affected by the image factors of "La Rioja" origin. In other words, the result of the "Analysis of Variance" (ANOVA) shows that the computed F, 1.117 is less than the tabular values of F-statistics, 253 at 0.05 degrees of freedom, 1, 148. This denotes that the British consumers' perception of "Rioja" wine attributes is affected by the image factors of "La Rioja" origin. The resultant R square value is 0.007. This is very far from the point of reference value 1. This shows that the correlation is not on the normal curve distribution. So, it is interpreted as very small positive correlation. In percentile (%), it is 0.7 which indicates significant differences in terms of the British consumers' perception of "Rioja" wine and the image factors of "La Rioja" origin. Moreover, because the R square value of 0.007 is not close to the adjusted R square value of 0.001, this signifies that the regression model is not fit for the data. The very small positive correlation denotes that the perception is uncorrelated with image or perception, it may be either large or small when the image is large and vice versa. This further implies that there is no systematic trend in British consumer's perception of "Rioja" wine as the image factors of "La Rioja" origin value increase. 2. Ho 2: The image of "La Rioja" origin has no direct influence on the British consumers' preference for "Rioja" wine; Data analysis on: Relationship of the image of "La Rioja" origin and the British consumers' preference for "Rioja" wine using analysis of variance (ANOVA) Relationship Computed F Tabulated F Interpretation Image versus Preference 334 253 Rejected Using 0.05 level of significance, F-statistics, and an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, it was established that the df num value is k-1, or 2 -1, or 1 and the df den value is T-k, or 150 - 2, or 148. So, with = 0.05, the critical value of F in this analysis of variance test was F0.05 (1, 148) = 253. The computed F (FC) value is greater than Tabulated F (FT). Ho is rejected. This is because the result of the "Analysis of Variance" (ANOVA) shows that the computed F (334) is greater than the tabular values of F-statistics (253) at 0.05 degree of freedom (1, 148). This means that the image of "La Rioja" origin has direct influence on the British consumers' preference for "Rioja" wine Data analysis on: Correlation of the image of "La Rioja" origin and the British consumers' preference for "Rioja" wine Using coefficient of determination (R2) Correlation R2 Adjusted R2 Interpretation

Importance Of Audit Evidence Accounting Essay

Importance Of Audit Evidence Accounting Essay According to Companies Act 1965 Section 174, auditor should perform the following duties, Statutory Duties. Auditor should examine and form an opinion whether the financial statements compliance the financial reporting standards of Malaysia and the Companies Act 1965. Duty to carry out audit. Auditor should examine and form an opinion whether the financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company as of the financial year end and of its financial performance and cash flows of the year end. Duty to report to appropriate management. Auditor should report the accounting and other records and the registers required by the Companies Act to be kept by the company have been properly kept in accordance with the provisions of the Act. Duty to be independent. Auditor is under a duty to exercise the appropriate standard of care to shareholders and outsiders. Duty to use reasonable care and skill. Auditor should obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatements. (2) The auditor must plan the audit so as to enable him/her to detect all misstatements. Discuss. The purpose of planning stage is plan the audit so that it will be performed in an effective manner. During the planning stage, auditor should design and perform the audit planning to detect the potential threat that may be occurred and also limited the audit risk to a lower level. Auditor will get the knowledge of the clients business, auditor able to identify the potential threat that may be occurred. The planning stage will be emphasis on the material misstatement based on the professional judgement but not absolute detect all the misstatement such as immaterial misstatement will not be concern. (3) Explain the steps to be taken by the auditor if there are reasons to believe that there are (i) errors and (ii) frauds. According to SAS 110, the auditors shall indicates that fraud or error that exist by obtaining an understanding of the nature of the event and the circumstances, and sufficient other information to evaluate the possible effect on the financial statements. If the auditors believe that the indicated fraud or error could have a material effect on the financial statements, they should perform appropriate modified or additional procedures. Where there is a significant error or fraud, the auditor should consider the necessity for a disclosure of the error or fraud in financial statements, and report to the relevance third party (management level). If adequate disclosure is not made, the necessity for a suitable disclosure in his report so called qualified audit report. (4) What is an audit engagement letter? What steps should be taken by the auditor after receiving the audit engagement letter? According to standard, audit engagement letter refers to a written contract between accounting firm and the client. Its purpose is to confirm the relationship between the client engaging the auditor and the accounting firm accepting the audit engagement and to define matters such as the objectives of the engagement, the scope of the audit, the responsibilities and duties of each party etc. The audit engagement letter has statutory binding force. After receiving audit engagement letter, there will be an interview or opening conference between engagement parties and audit firm. During the meeting, auditee is asked about the system to be reviewed available resources and other relevance resource. The auditor may be required to meet the person in charge those relevance resources. After getting the required information, auditor will perform a general overview on it and review the internal control of the auditee in order to determine the audit risk that may be occurred. (5) What are the purposes of the audit working papers? 1. To provide a basis for planning the audit. The auditor may use reference information from the previous year in order to plan this years audit, such as the evaluation of internal control, the time budget, etc. 2. To provide a record of the evidence accumulated and the results of the tests. This is the primary means of documenting that an adequate audit was performed. 3. To provide data for deciding the proper type of audit report. Data are used in determining the scope of the audit and the fairness with which the financial statements are stated. 4. To provide a basis for review by supervisors and partners. These individuals use the audit documentation to evaluate whether sufficient appropriate evidence was accumulated to justify the audit report. Audit documentation is used for several purposes, both during the audit and after the audit is completed. One of the uses is the review by more experienced personnel. A second is for planning the subsequent year audit. A third is to demonstrate that the auditor has accumulated sufficient appropriate evidence if there is a need to defend the audit at a later date. For these uses, it is important that the audit documentation provide sufficient information so that the person reviewing an audit schedule knows the name of the client, contents of the audit schedule, period covered, who prepared the audit schedule, when it was prepared, and how it ties into the rest of the audit files with an index code. (6) Describe the different types of information that are kept in the current file. Current audit file include following resources: Audit plan, report and audit programmes copies Clearance the problems and confusion during the time of audit work such as journal entries and minutes of meetings. Copies of annual records such as trade account, trial balance and profit and loss account and balance sheet Bank reconciliation statement Minutes of meetings Current financial statements Working papers supporting account Paper of calculation of tax bonus. List of lost proofs Paper regarding stock evaluation (7) State the nature and the importance of audit evidence. According to ISA, there is nine type of audit evidence which include physical examination, confirmation, documentation, analytical procedures, inquiries, scanning, recalculation, reperformance and observation. The nature of audit evidences includes invoices, contracts, and worksheets, general and subsidiary ledger and so on. Audit evidence is important as it provides the auditor with the information regarding the potential threat or weakness that may be occurred in the clients financial statements. Audit evidence is useful as it provides the auditor with some degree of competent evidential support for the expression of an audit opinion. It facilitates the completion of audit programme scheduled and undertaken. (8) According to ISA 500, what type of evidence is the auditor required to collect? According to ISA 500, auditor required to collect sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in order to draw reasonable conclusions on which to base the audit opinion. Sufficiency and appropriateness are interrelated and apply to audit evidence obtained from both tests of controls and substantive tests. Sufficiency is a measure of the quantity of evidence and it refers to sample size and items to select. Higher quality evidence results in a lower quantity of audit evidence. Appropriateness is a measure of the relevance and reliability of evidence, or the degree to which evidence can be considered believable or worthy of trust. Appropriateness relates to the audit procedures selected, including the timing of when those procedures are performed.